Endoscopic findings in patients presenting with dyspepsia and association of age and gender with organic dyspepsia

Abstract

Objective: To determine frequency of general and specific endoscopic findings in patients diagnosed with dyspepsia and to determine association of age and gender with organic dyspepsia. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Gastroenterology department, Combined Military Hospital, Kharian, from Jul to Dec 2018. Methodology: A total of 180 patients participated in the study after being selected through non probability consecutive sampling. Age, gender and history of dysphagia, weight loss, gastrointestinal bleeding, and smoking were recorded. All und-erwent standard electronic video upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Abnormal findings of inflammation, narrowing, strictures, furrowing, erosions, ulcers, atrophy, nodularity, polyps, masses and malignancy were recorded. The abnormal findings were presented as frequency and percentages. On the basis of endoscopic findings the sample was divided into two groups of functional (normal endoscopy) and organic dyspepsia. Chi-square test was selected to compare the frequencies of organic and functional dyspepsia with age and gender. Results: Majority 99 (55%) of the patients with dyspepsia had a normal endoscopic finding while in organic dyspepsia, reflux esophagitis 41 (22.8%) was the most common finding followed by gastritis 16 (8.9%), duodenal ulcer 12 (6.7%) and gastric ulcer 9 (5%). Three patients with organic dyspepsia had malignancy. Most common specific findings were non erosive esopha-gitis 25(30.8%). Age above 40 years and male gender was found to be statistically significantly associated with organic dyspepsia (p<0.01). Conclusion: Majority of the patients with dyspepsia have a normal endoscopic finding. There is a higher incidence of organic dyspepsia in males and in patients above 40 years of age.