Hubungan Pengetahuan, Sikap, dan Perilaku Orang Tua terhadap Status OHI-S (Oral Hygiene Index-Simplified) pada Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus

Abstract

Abstract: Children with special needs (CSN) are at a higher risk of developing oral diseases than normal children. These CSN require special care regarding their condition, therefore, parents play a very important role. Knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of parents can influence their perception of dental and oral hygiene of CSN. The level of dental and oral hygiene is expressed by measuring the OHI-S (Oral Hygiene Index Simplified) value obtained at the time of examination. This study aimed to determine the relationship between the level of knowledge, attitude, and behavior of parents in maintaining oral hygiene with OHI-S status of CSN. This was an analytical and observational study with a cross-sectional design. Samples consisted of 101 CSN at the SLB Negeri 1 Badung and their parents, taken by using the total sampling technique. The results showed that the majority of CSN had moderate OHI-S status, and the majority of parents had moderate knowledge, good attitude, and good behavior. The chi-square test showed no significant relationship between knowledge, attitude, and the behavior of parents in maintaining dental and oral hygiene towards the dental and oral hygiene of CSN with p-values of 0.619; 0.231; and 0.628, respectively (p>0.05). In conclusion, the CSN's OHI-S status is quite sufficient and there is no significant relationship between the level of knowledge, attitude, and behavior of parents in maintaining the dental and oral hygiene of CSN on the OHI-S status of CSN at SLB Negeri 1 Badung. Keywords: children with special needs; knowledge; attitude; behavior; parents   Abstrak: Anak berkebutuhan khusus (ABK) berisiko lebih tinggi untuk mengalami penyakit mulut dibandingkan anak normal sehingga memerlukan perawatan khusus terkait kondisinya. Pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku orang tua dapat membantu mempresepsikan kebersihan gigi dan mulut ABK. Tingkat kebersihan gigi dan mulut dinyatakan melalui pengukuran nilai OHI-S (Oral Hygiene Index Simplified). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara tingkat pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku orang tua dalam menjaga kebersihan gigi dan mulut dengtan status OHI-S pada ABK. Jenis penelitian ialah observasional analitik dengan desain potong lintang. Total sampel penelitian ini berjumlah 101 pasangan orang tua dan ABK usia 13-17 tahun di SLB Negeri 1 Badung, yang diambil menggunakan total sampling. Hasil penelitian mendapatkan mayoritas ABK memiliki status OHI-S sedang, dan mayoritas orang tua memiliki pengetahuan sedang, sikap baik, dan perilaku baik. Hasil chi-square menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku orang tua dalam menjaga kebersihan gigi dan mulut dengan kebersihan gigi dan mulut ABK dengan nilai p secara berturut 0,619; 0,231; dan 0,628 (p>0,05). Simpulan penelitian ini ialah status OHI-S ABK tergolong cukup , serta tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara tingkat pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku orang tua dalam menjaga kebersihan gigi dan mulut ABK dengan status OHI-S pada ABK di SLB Negeri 1 Badung. Kata kunci: anak berkebutuhan khusus; pengetahuan; sikap; perilaku; orang tua