Analisis perbandingan prevalensi kejadian depresi postpartum pada ibu bekerja dan tidak bekerja

  • Hasnita R
  • Zakaria R
  • Marthoenis M
  • et al.
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Abstract

Background: Postpartum depression is a serious mental health problem with a high prevalence in Indonesia. Maternal employment status is thought to influence the risk of postpartum depression. However, previous research findings have been inconsistent, with some studies finding that employed mothers are more susceptible to postpartum depression, others reporting a higher risk for unemployed mothers, and still others showing no significant difference. Purpose: To analyze the differences in the prevalence of postpartum depression between employed and unemployed mothers. Method: This study used a cross-sectional design with secondary data from the 2023 Indonesian Health Survey. The study population was all married mothers registered in the SKI, totaling 526,478 individuals. From this population, a sample of 70,616 postpartum mothers who had given birth was obtained. Data analysis was performed using univariate, bivariate (chi-square test), and multivariate (logistic regression) methods using STATA version 12. Results: Univariate analysis showed that the prevalence of postpartum depression in mothers was 17.3%. Bivariate analysis showed that employed mothers had a higher prevalence of postpartum depression (20.7%) than unemployed mothers (16.7%). Furthermore, multivariate analysis using logistic regression showed that employment status (OR = 1.31; 65% CI: 1.18–1.48), low education (OR = 0.45), low income (OR = 1.17), and lack of social support (OR = 1.20) were significantly associated with postpartum depression (p < 0.05). Meanwhile, stillbirth and multiple births did not show a significant association. Conclusion: There is a significant difference in the incidence of postpartum depression between employed and unemployed mothers. Employed mothers have a higher risk of experiencing postpartum depression. Education, income, and social support also play a crucial role. Comprehensive mental health interventions are needed, including social support and employment policies that support postpartum mothers.   Keywords: Indonesian Health Survey; Mental Health; Postpartum Depression; Working Mothers.   Pendahuluan: Depresi postpartum merupakan masalah kesehatan mental yang serius dengan prevalensi tinggi di Indonesia. Status pekerjaan ibu diduga memengaruhi risiko depresi postpartum. Namun, hasil penelitian sebelumnya masih menunjukkan inkonsistensi, dengan sebagian studi menemukan ibu bekerja lebih rentan mengalami depresi postpartum, sementara penelitian lain melaporkan ibu tidak bekerja lebih berisiko, dan ada juga yang menyatakan tidak terdapat perbedaan signifikan Tujuan: Untuk menganalisis perbedaan prevalensi depresi postpartum antara ibu bekerja dan tidak bekerja. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain cross-sectional dengan data sekunder dari SKI 2023. Populasi penelitian adalah seluruh ibu yang sudah menikah yang tercatat dalam Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI) sebanyak 526,478 orang. Dari populasi tersebut, diperoleh sampel sebanyak 70,616 ibu postpartum yang pernah melahirkan. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat, bivariat (uji chi-square), dan multivariat (regresi logistik) menggunakan aplikasi STATA versi 12. Hasil: Analisis univariat menunjukkan bahwa prevalensi depresi postpartum pada ibu sebesar 17.3%. Analisis bivariat memperlihatkan bahwa ibu bekerja memiliki prevalensi depresi postpartum lebih tinggi (20.7%) dibandingkan ibu tidak bekerja (16.7%). Selanjutnya, analisis multivariat dengan regresi logistik menunjukkan bahwa status pekerjaan (OR = 1.31; 65% CI: 1.18–1.48), pendidikan rendah (OR = 0.45), pendapatan rendah (OR = 1.17), dan kurangnya dukungan sosial (OR = 1.20) berhubungan signifikan dengan depresi postpartum (p < 0.05). Sementara itu, variabel bayi lahir meninggal dan bayi kembar tidak menunjukkan hubungan yang signifikan. Simpulan: Terdapat perbedaan signifikan kejadian depresi postpartum antara ibu bekerja dan tidak bekerja. Ibu bekerja memiliki risiko lebih tinggi mengalami depresi postpartum. Faktor pendidikan, pendapatan, dan dukungan sosial juga berperan penting. Diperlukan intervensi kesehatan mental yang menyeluruh, termasuk dukungan sosial dan kebijakan kerja yang mendukung ibu postpartum.   Kata Kunci: Depresi Postpartum; Ibu Bekerja; Kesehatan Mental; Survei Kesehatan Indonesia (SKI).

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APA

Hasnita, R., Zakaria, R., Marthoenis, M., Fahdhienie, F., & Aramico, B. (2026). Analisis perbandingan prevalensi kejadian depresi postpartum pada ibu bekerja dan tidak bekerja. Holistik Jurnal Kesehatan, 20(3), 1474–1482. https://doi.org/10.33024/hjk.v20i3.3361

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