Neurodevelopmental problems, general health and academic achievements in a school-based cohort of 11-year-old Swedish children

Abstract

Aim: Assessing rates of neurodevelopmental problems (NDPs) in 11-year-old children and possible association with other health complaints and school performance. Methods: In-school study of 11-year-old children as an add-on assessment to the 4th grade regular health check-up, comprising a structured physical neurodevelopmental examination, neuropsychological assessment, behavioural ratings, maternal interview, review of medical records and academic achievements. Results: Out of 348 children recruited from eight schools, 223 (64%) participated. Any physical condition was found in 102/222 (46%), most commonly atopy (18%). One in five had a BMI z-score >2 standard deviations over the reference mean. One or more NDP was found in 86/221 (40%) children. The number of failed national tests correlated positively with NDP severity rated with the clinical global impression severity instrument (Spearman's r = 0.41, p < 0.001). The majority of participants with failed national tests, also had co-occurring health complaints (≥2 of: stomach or extremity ache, headache, difficulties sleeping, internalising symptoms or obesity) and NDPs. Conclusion: Health complaints, physical conditions and NDPs are very common in 11-year-old children and warrant adequately staffed, thoroughly equipped school healthcare services.