Biodegradation and transformation of 4,4'- and 2,4-dihalodiphenyl ethers by Sphingomonas sp. strain SS33

Abstract

The bacterium Sphingomonas sp. strain SS33, obtained from parent diphenyl ether-mineralizing strain SS3 (S. Schmidt, R.-M. Wittich, D. Erdmann, H. Wilkes, W. Francke, and P. Fortnagel, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 58:2744- 2750, 1992) after several weeks of adaptation on 4,4'-difluorodiphenyl ether as the new target compound, also utilized 4,4'-dichlorodiphenyl ether for growth. Intermediary halocatechols were also mineralized via the ortho pathway by type I enzymes, 4,4'-Dibromodiphenyl ether was not used as a carbon source although transformation by resting cells yielded mononuclear haloaromatic compounds, such as 4-bromophenol and 4-bromocatechol. The same was true for the conversion of 2,4-dichlorodiphenyl ether, which yielded the respective (halo-) phenols and (halo-) catechols.