Understanding the Engagement Process of Prostate Cancer Patients in Physical Activity: A Qualitative Study Comparing Profiles of “Inactive Patients” With “Active Patients”

Abstract

Objective: Despite the recognised benefits of physical activity in tertiary prevention, 60%–70% of patients with prostate cancer are insufficiently active. Therefore, it is important to understand the process of engagement in physical activity to develop an intervention that enables prostate cancer patients, treated in France, to engage in regular physical activity. Methods: This study was unique in that it compared active and inactive profiles using the concepts of 'disease trajectory' and 'career', borrowed from sociological interactionist theory. We interviewed 39 male participants who had been diagnosed with prostate cancer at least 1 year previously and were no longer receiving treatment other than hormone therapy. Results: Participants' engagement in PA after a prostate cancer diagnosis was shaped by emotional, social, and structural factors. Two main thematic axes emerged: (1) how participants made sense of PA within their illness trajectory, and (2) how past experiences and representations of sport influenced their motivation and perceived ability to engage in PA. While active participants integrated PA into a narrative of self-management and control, inactive participants valued it primarily for social support and needed more tailored, supportive approaches. Conclusion: These findings suggest that PA promotion and interventions should consider individuals' lived experiences, prior representations of PA. Personalizing support, particularly through PA promotion by healthcare professionals or peer-based strategies, may promote and sustainable PA engagement, ultimately improving quality of life and long-term health outcomes.