Awareness and Practice of Breast Self-examination for Early Detection of Breast Lesions in Pregnant Women

Abstract

Aim and background:Breast cancer stands out as the most commonly identified cancer among women in the majority of countries globally and is the second most common malignancy affecting pregnancy. Utilizing breast self-examination (BSE) emerges as a valuable screening technique for women that enhances awareness of their breast health, and aids in the detection of any abnormalities that may arise. While BSE is not a substitute for professional screening methods like mammography, it serves as a valuable complement especially in economically challenged areas, contributing to early diagnosis and increased chances of successful treatment. This study aims to assess the awareness and practice of BSE, as well as the sociodemographic factors affecting them, among pregnant women from rural and urban areas of Bengaluru. Materials and methods: Place of study—Obstetrics and Gynecology and Outpatient Departments (OBG and OPD) of Ramaiah Hospitals and its Rural Centers. Patients were asked to fill out a semi-structured questionnaire, after which BSE was taught and assessed. Results: A total of 100 subjects from rural and urban localities each took part in this study. Out of which, 7% from rural areas and 45% from urban areas were aware of BSE. A total of 5% and 44% respectively from rural and urban areas knew why BSE was done. The most significant sociodemographic factor was education—in rural areas, awareness of BSE was 4.4% among those with a higher secondary education, compared to 28.6% for degree holders and 33.3% for post-graduates. Similarly, in urban areas, only 28.1% of higher secondary level subjects were aware of BSE, in contrast to 48.8% of degree holders and 59.3% of post-graduates. Conclusion: There is a notably low level of understanding and practice of BSE among pregnant women, especially in rural areas. It is crucial to promptly establish extensive health education programs to raise awareness and knowledge regarding the importance of BSE.