Implementation of Balanced Scorecard as an Integrated Performance Evaluation Tool in Vocational Educational Institutions

Abstract

Dalam menghadapi tantangan globalisasi dan perkembangan industri 4.0, lembaga pendidikan vokasi dituntut untuk mampu menunjukkan kinerja institusional yang tidak hanya efisien tetapi juga responsif terhadap kebutuhan dunia kerja. Evaluasi kinerja menjadi elemen penting dalam proses peningkatan mutu lembaga, termasuk Balai Latihan Kerja (BLK) yang berperan sebagai pusat pelatihan keterampilan praktis. Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi implementasi Balanced Scorecard (BSC) sebagai alat ukur kinerja terintegrasi di BLK SMK Negeri 1 Purwakarta. BSC dinilai mampu menawarkan pendekatan yang menyeluruh dengan mempertimbangkan empat perspektif utama: keuangan, pelanggan, proses internal, serta pembelajaran dan pertumbuhan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dengan metode studi kasus. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi langsung, dan dokumentasi institusional. Analisis dilakukan secara tematik berdasarkan empat perspektif BSC. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa BSC dapat mengidentifikasi secara komprehensif kekuatan dan kelemahan institusi dalam menjalankan fungsinya sebagai penyelenggara pelatihan vokasi. Perspektif pelanggan dan proses internal menjadi aspek yang paling dominan mempengaruhi keberhasilan program pelatihan. In facing the challenges of globalization and the development of industry 4.0, vocational education institutions are required to be able to demonstrate institutional performance that is not only efficient but also responsive to the needs of the world of work. This study aims to evaluate the implementation of the Balanced Scorecard (BSC) as an integrated performance measurement tool at BLK SMK Negeri 1 Purwakarta. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with a case study method. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, direct observation, and institutional documentation. The analysis was carried out thematically based on the four BSC perspectives. The results of the study show that BSC can comprehensively identify the strengths and weaknesses of institutions in carrying out their functions as vocational training providers. The customer and internal process perspectives are the most dominant aspects influencing the success of training programs. This study also confirms that the Balanced Scorecard approach has great potential to be applied in various other vocational education institutions, especially in encouraging performance-based governance. The implications of these findings provide an important basis for policy making at the school and local government levels in developing a more adaptive institutional evaluation model. The adoption of BSC also supports a new paradigm of vocational education that is oriented towards results, stakeholder satisfaction, and continuous quality improvement. This study is expected to contribute to the literature on performance evaluation of educational institutions in Indonesia which has so far been limited to conventional administrative approaches