Efecto de la adición de antioxidantes sobre la motilidad espermática post-criopreservación y fertilidad del semen de peces

Abstract

Semen cryopreservation produces cellular damage to the plasma membranes, mitochondria and DNA mainly due to the formation of intra- and extracellular ice crystals, as well as due to the osmotic and oxidative stress generated. To minimize this damage, diluent mediums are used. They simulate the physiological characteristics of semen and contain cryoprotectants and some antioxidants which provide increased post-thaw sperm survival and improve motility and fertility rates. The addition of enzymatic antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase during cryopreservation of sperm cells in fish do not improve rates sperm motility post-thawed neither fertilization in the species rainbow trout and brook trout, whereas non-enzymatic (methylenediphosphonic-acid/MDPA, butil-hidroxitolueno/BHT, cysteine, propolis, ascorbic acid, lysine and carnitine) significantly improved such parameters in species such as beluga sturgeon, common carp, Russian sturgeon and rainbow trout. Antioxidants produce different effects on species-specific variables sperm quality and fertility and their effectiveness depends on the concentration and the diluent medium used. It can be concluded that the use of non-enzymatic antioxidants in semen cryopreservation aquaculture species such as common carp, sturgeon and trout are essential to improve sperm motility and fertility.