Effect of Locally Formulated Complementary Foods on Anthropometric Parameters and Micronutrient Status in Children (6−23 Months) in Enugu State, Nigeria: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract

Malnutrition remains a significant challenge in low- and middle-income countries, contributing to stunting, wasting, and micronutrient deficiencies. This study investigated the effect of locally formulated complementary foods on anthropometric parameters and micronutrient status in children aged 6 to 23 months. A randomized controlled trial involving 40 infants explored the effects of experimental diets, including Maize-Soybean, Maize-Soybean-Termite flour, Maize-Soybean-Fishbone powder, and Maize-Soybean-Termite-Fishbone-Pawpaw-Pumpkin (MaSoTFPP), and a control diet on children over a period of 90 days. Anthropometric measurements of weight, height, and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) as well as biochemical analyses of blood samples were carried out. Dietary intake was monitored over the 90-day feeding trial period. The data obtained were analyzed using Statistical Product for Service Solution, version 23. Significance was set at P<0.05. The findings revealed significant improvements in the anthropometric parameters, particularly in the MaSoTFPP group, which exhibited the largest percentage increase in height and MUAC. The children fed with the experimental diets demonstrated enhanced serum hemoglobin, iron, and zinc levels, which increased most significantly in the MaSoTFPP group (by 308%, 264%, and 58%, respectively). The study underscores the potential of incorporating locally available food crops in community-based management of acute malnutrition and supports the World Health Organization’s recognition of fortified staple foods in improving child growth and development.