Bacteriological quality of the seawater in Cullera Bay, Spain

Abstract

Cullera Bay, located on the Mediterranean coast of Spain, is influenced by the Júcar River outflow and by an sewage outfall that discharges wastewaters in the vicinity of the river mouth. Within the framework of the ECOSUD project, five sampling campaigns were conducted between July 2002 and April 2003 at 11 stations distributed along the coast of the bay and in the area of the sewage pipe, in order to determine the spatial and temporal distribution of bacteria (faecal coliforms, enterococci and Escherichia coli) in the seawater and thus detect possible dangerous zones for recreational use of the beaches, based on the guidelines established by the European Environmental Commission. In general, Cullera Bay was found to have good water quality; however, the discharges from both the river and sewage outfall affect the coastal zone, the increase in bacterial concentration diminishing the quality of the bathing waters, especially during the summer months when tourism peaks. Moreover, as a result of additional inputs of sporadic sources of pollution in the area of Cape Cullera, the maximum permissible values established for faecal coliforms (2000 CFU 100 mL-1), enterococci (200 CFU 100 mL-1) and E. coli (500 CFU 100 mL-1) were exceeded. Considering that the currents are driven by seasonal winds, the northern area could eventually become an additional source of contaminating bacteria to the beaches that currently have good water quality.