Assessment of severity and mortality of COVID-19 with anti-A1 and anti-B IgM isohaemagglutinins, a reflection of the innate immune status

Abstract

Aims: The relationship between the innate immune system that creates the polysaccharide antibody response and COVID-19 is not fully understood. In this study, it was aimed to determine the predictive values of isohaemagglutinins in COVID-19 severity/mortality. Methods: Approximately 15 440 patients diagnosed with COVID-19 were examined, and a total of 286 patients with anti-B and anti-A1 IgM isohaemagglutinins test results were randomly enrolled in the study. These patients were stratified into two groups according to anti-A1 (n: 138 blood type B or O) and anti-B (n: 148 blood type A) IgM isohaemagglutinins. Anti-A1 or/and anti-B IgM, biochemical parameters, symptoms, chronic diseases, hospitalisation status, intubation status, admission to intensive care unit (ICU) and exitus status were recorded and evaluated for all patients. Results: Anti-A1 IgM and anti-B IgM were significantly lower in ICU patients (7.5 ± 9.9 vs 18.0 ± 20.4 and 5.5 ± 6.3 vs 19.3 ± 33.6 titres, respectively; P