Postural optimization training using functional reach -the motor learning effect of a combination of verbal instructions using knowledge of results-

Abstract

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to determine the motor learning effect of a combination of verbal instructions incorporating internal focus of attention (IFA) or external focus of attention (EFA), with knowledge of results (KR), on postural optimization training using functional reach (FR). [Subjects] Twenty-two university students without disability who volunteered to participate in this study were randomly assigned to the IFA group or the EFA group. [Methods] The horizontal distance between the lateral malleolus and the fingertip (FR distance) and the location of the center of gravity were measured at the following times: pre-test, 1st retention test, and 2nd retention test. After the pre-test measurement, participants performed 10 FR trials daily for five consecutive days (practice phase) and received verbal instructions and KR. FR distance was measured in all trials. [Results] The FR distance of the EFA group was significantly larger during the practice phase and the 1st and 2nd retention tests compared to the pre-test measurement; however, no significant difference in the FR distance was observed in the IFA group. [Conclusion] The results of this study suggest that the level of similarity between instructions and extrinsic feedback may influence the learning effect.