Predictores de suicidalidad en adolescentes

Abstract

Background: The suicidality has increased in adolescents. Its prevention requires to detect suicide ideation, suicide attempts and associated factors. Objectives: To determine the contribution of the self-esteem, impulsivity, family cohesion, family adaptability, social support in the prediction of suicidality in adolescents. Subjects and Methods: The Suicidality Scale, Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale, Impulsivity Scale, Olson Family Cohesion and Adaptability Scale and the Multidimensional scale of perceived social support of Zimet were administered to 763 high school students. For statistical analysis, t student, Pearson coefficient of correlation and multiple linear regression analyses, was used. Results: 19.1% committed suicidal attempts and 7.9% had thought many times to finish with their life. Difference in the relation between gender and suicidality was founded t (751): -6.69; p < 0,001, being greater in women. Age (r: 0.12; p < 0.01) and impulsivity (r: 0,28; p < 0.001) is related directly to suicidality; self-esteem (r: -0.49; p < 0.001), family cohesion (r: -0.36; p < 0.001) and social support (r: -0.34; p < 0.001) inversely. The predictors explains 33.8% of the suicidality (R2: 0.338); they contribute in sequence of importance: self-esteem (β: -0.33; sr.2: 0.08; p < 0.001), gender (β: -0.19; sr.2: 0.033; p < 0.001), impulsivity (β: 0,17; sr.2: 0.025; p < 0.001), family cohesion (β: -0.14; sr.2: 0.011; p < 0.001), social support (β: -0.11; sr.2: 0.008; p < 0.01) and age (β: -0.07; sr.2: 0.005; p < 0.05). Conclusions: The adolescents with less self-esteem, greater impulsivity, with problems of family cohesion and less social support present greater suicidality.