Assessing the toxicity level of some useful mushrooms of Burkina Faso (West Africa)

Abstract

Objective: The goal of this study is to evaluate the potential risks of intoxication following the ingestion of wild mushrooms. Methodology and results: This study was carried out on four different species of wild mushrooms including two edible species Chlorophyllum cf. molybdites and Phlebopus sudanicus and two medicinal ones, Ganoderma lucidum and Phellinus pachyphloeus. These species were analyzed on their acute toxicity and their LD50 were calculated based on dry material. The fresh mushroom weights equivalent to the threshold of the LD50 was also evaluated. The fungal species LD50 were 695.62 mg/kg; 679.09 mg/kg; 395.19 mg/kg and 1070.79 mg/kg for P. sudanicus, C. cf. molybdites, G. lucidum and P. pachyphloeus respectively. By comparing these values to the scale of toxicity from Hodge and Sterner, the extracts of P. sudanicus, C. cf. molybdites and P. pachyphloeus are classified among the substances slightly toxic while G lucidum is classified like toxic substance. The fresh mushrooms values equivalent to the lyophilized used for the species were 2.47 kg; 3.67 kg; 1.22 kg and 7.96 kg respectively for P. sudanicus, C. cf. molybdites, G. lucidum and P. Pachyphloeus. Conclusion and application of results: By taking a minimum of precautions, these species could be developed on the nutritional and therapeutic level.However, it is necessary to undertake toxicity study on the fresh material and by oral way, form of administration generally recommended by the tradi-therapeutists. RÉSUMÉ Objectif: L'objectif général de cette étude est d'évaluer les risques potentiels d'intoxication suite à l'ingestion de champignons utiles au Burkina Faso. Méthodologie et résultats: Cette étude a été effectuée sur quatre espèces de champignons sauvages récoltés au Burkina Faso: Chlorophyllum cf. molybdites, Phlebopus sudanicus (espèces comestibles), Ganoderma lucidum, et Phellinus pachyphloeus (espèces médicinales). Ces espèces ont été séchées, leur toxicité aiguë et leur DL50 ont été calculés. Les poids frais de champignons équivalents au seuil de la DL50 ont été également évalués. Les valeurs de la DL50 déterminées sont de 695,62 mg/kg; 679,09 mg/kg ; 395,19 mg/kg et 1070,79 mg/kg respectivement pour P. sudanicus, C. molybdites, G. lucidum et P. pachyphloeus. En comparant ces valeurs de la DL50 à l'échelle de toxicité de Hodge et Sterner, les extraits de P. sudanicus, C. molybdites et P.