Why Can Organoids Improve Current Organ-on-Chip Platforms?

Abstract

Preclinical studies are the first stage of introducing a new potential drug to the pharmaceutical market. Many of the compounds with promising results approved in the preclinical stage show poor prognosis during the first stage of clinical studies, which is connected with inadequate in vitro and in vivo models used in this stage. Both basic in vitro models, and in vivo animal models do not represent the human conditions. Therefore, scientists work on creating an appropriate model that will highly reproduce the characteristics of the human body. The solution could be an organoids model: a laboratory-produced human miniature organ, grown in a specially designed Organ-on-Chip microfluidic tools. This review focuses on characterizing the 3D cell culture types, focusing mainly on organoids, the Organ-on-Chip approach, and presenting the latest reports about the application of their combination in biological research, including toxicological studies.