Prospects of green adsorbent produced from avocado seed via hydrothermal carbonization for treatment of dye wastewater

Abstract

The adsorption process is a highly effective operational technique for dye removal from industrial wastewater. At present, the commercial adsorbents employed for removing dyes are manufactured via a slow pyrolysis process, which is time-consuming and requires more energy. Hydrothermal carbonization, on the other hand, is a highly efficient alternative method of synthesizing adsorbents that consumes less time and energy while producing effective adsorbents. This study synthesized adsorbents from avocado seeds via hydrothermal carbonization, followed by chemical activation. The adsorption study revealed that the avocado seed adsorbent has the highest color removal of 80 % using 3.5 g/L of adsorbent at acidic pH under optimized conditions. In conclusion, hydrochar from the avocado seed is a potential green adsorbent for the treatment of dye wastewater.