Perbedaan respon Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Culicidae), terhadap paparan anti nyamuk bakar dan bunga keluwih (Artocarpus camansi, Blanco)

Abstract

Pengendalian penyakit demam berdarah dengue (DBD) masih bergantung pada pengendalian vektornya, yaitu Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) dan Ae. albopictus (Skuse). Pengendalian vektor hingga saat ini banyak dilakukan dengan menggunakan insektisida kimia (sintetis). Penelitian tentang status resistensi nyamuk sudah banyak dilakukan, tetapi dampak dari nyamuk yang tetap hidup karena dipajan insektisida sintetis belum banyak diteliti. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis perbedaan angka fekunditas, fertilitas dan daya hidup nyamuk yang dipaparkan pada insektisida alami bunga keluwih (Artocarpus camansi) bakar dan insektisida sintetis anti nyamuk bakar berbahan aktif transflutrin dan d allethrin. Telur Ae. aegypti dari lapangan ditetaskan menjadi nyamuk kemudian dipaparkan pada insektisida sintetis dan alami. Setelah ditunggu 24 jam, nyamuk yang hidup dikawinkan. Tiap kelompok tersebut ditempatkan dalam 2 kandang lalu diulang 3 kali. Telur hasil perkawinan diamati sampai nyamuk dewasa mati untuk dibandingkan dengan angka fekunditas, angka fertilitas dan daya hidup. Hasilnya menunjukkan tidak terdapat perbedaan angka fekunditas antara kontrol dan insektisida alami, tetapi ada perbedaan nyata angka fekunditas antara insektisida sintetis dengan kontrol. Insektisida alami tidak meningkatkan angka fekunditas tetapi insektisida sintetis dapat meningkatkan angka fekunditas dan jumlah nyamuk serta menyebabkan umur nyamuk yang lebih panjang dibandingkan dengan perlakuan insektisida alami dan kontrol.The control of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) it is important to control the vector, i.e. Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) and Ae. albopictus (Skuse). Usually, controls of these vectors are done using chemical insecticides. Research on mosquito resistance has been done, but the impact of mosquitoes that survive after synthetic (chemical) insecticides application has not been studied. The aim of this research was to analyze the differences of fecundity, fertility and vitality rate of mosquitoes that were exposed to natural insecticides i.e with burned breadnut flowers and mosquito coils containing transflutrin and d-aletrin. Mosquito samples were taken from field eggs which were exposed with synthetic and natural insecticides. Mosquitoes that remainder alive after 24 hours exposure were mated and each group were put in 2 cages, each repetition were repeated 3 times. The mosquito eggs were observed until adult mosquitoes die. Then, the fecundity, fertility and vitality rate were compared. Based on our analysis, there were no differences on fecundity rate, between control and mosquitoes that were exposed to natural insecticides, but there were significant differences between the control and the synthetic insecticides. Natural insecticides do not increase the rate of fecundity but synthetic insecticides may increase the rate of fecundity and number of mosquitoes and causes the mosquito lifespan longer than the control and natural insecticide treatment.