Intervalo hídrico ótimo em um latossolo vermelho cultivado em sistema semeadura direta por 25 anos

Abstract

Least Limiting Water Range (LLWR) integrates soil physical properties related to crop growth and corresponds to the interval between the upper and lower limits of water content in the soil within which limitations to root growth are minimal. In agricultural areas, soil management can lead to changes in its structure, mainly due to compaction and, subsequently, bulk density can reach values outside the limits in which conditions are ideal for plant growth. Therefore, the aim of this study was to use the LLWR to evaluate soil physical quality and to identify areas that restrict plant growth, with a view toward localized management. This study was carried out using the LLWR to evaluate soil physical quality so as to identify areas in which bulk density is higher than critical bulk density in an Oxisol under no-tillage system since 1985, in Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. Undisturbed samples were collected at the depths of 0.00-0.10, 0.10-0.20 and 0.20-0.30 m to obtain the following attributes: bulk density, penetration resistance curve, water retention curve and soil porosity. Data on spatial variability of bulk density and critical bulk density were analyzed by semivariograms to map these attributes. The LLWR decreased in depth and was limited at the top by the moisture at field capacity and at the bottom by resistance to penetration at the three depths studied. Critical soil density was 1.42 Mg m-3 for the 0.00-0.10 m layer and 1.39 and 1.41 Mg m-3, respectively, for the 0.10-0.20 and 0.20-0.30 m layers. It was observed that soil bulk density was higher than critical soil density in the 0.00-0.10 and 0.10-0.20 m layers in the lower portions of the field, indicating a critical condition for plant growth. The use of LLWR, associated to maps of spatial variability of soil bulk density to determine points at which it is higher than critical soil bulk density aids decision making for intervention or modification of soil tillage, while the selection criterion of the critical value of penetration resistance can contribute to the interpretation of field results.