Kemampuan Bacillus sp. Sebagai Bioremediasi Bahan Pencemar

Abstract

The presence of heavy metal sources in inappropriate places can contaminate the surrounding soil, so that it will interfere with human and animal health if they enter the food chain. The purpose of writing this review is to determine the ability of Bacillus in bioremediation of pollutants and to determine the enzymes in Bacillus that are able to remediate pollutants. Monooxygenase enzymes and dioxygenase enzymes produced by bacteria can open carbon bonds in aromatic rings and produce primary alcohols. Dioxygenase enzymes produced by bacteria reduce PAHs and form cis-dihydrodiol. This compound is then dehydrogenated to form dihydroxy-PAH which is a substrate for the ring-opening enzyme. Through the addition of one oxygen molecule, the monooxygenase enzyme can also reduce PAH and form arene oxide, then these molecules will be used by bacteria as a source of nutrition. Bacillus bacteria are able to remediate various kinds of pollutants. These bacteria are able to reduce these pollutants because they have hydrocarbon enzymes that will break down harmful chemical compounds in pollutants into simpler compounds that can be used as energy sources.