Variasi Temperatur Termophilic Pada Digester Biogas Berbahan Baku Limbah Kulit Durian

Abstract

Krisis energi global dan ketergantungan Indonesia pada bahan bakar fosil (BBF) mendorong perlunya eksplorasi sumber energi terbarukan. Biogas, sebagai solusi berkelanjutan, diproduksi melalui degradasi anaerobik material organik dengan komposisi dominan metana (CH₄: 50-75%) dan karbon dioksida (CO₂: 30-45%). Limbah agroindustri seperti kulit durian dengan produksi buah durian secara nasional melebihi 19 ribu ton per tahun berdasarkan data Badan Pusat Statisktik tahun 2024, Potensi menggunakan limbah kulit durian ini menjadi ideal karena komposisi kulit (65-80%) jauh lebih tinggi dibandingkan daging (20–35%) dan biji (5–15%). Penelitian ini menggunakan rasio substrat 5 gram padatan total (Total Solid) + 100 mL inokulum + 200 mL akuades, dengan pengadukan intermiten (3x/hari, durasi 1 menit/sesi). Variasi suhu yang diuji pada keadaan termofilik (40°C, 45°C, 50°C) dan kontrol tanpa pemanasan, dengan fokus analisis pada akumulasi tekanan harian dan Profil gas (CH₄ dan CO₂). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa suhu 40°C (kondisi termofilik) menunjukkan efisiensi maksimal dari aktivitas optimal mikroba metanogenik, dengan produksi gas metana (CH₄) lebih tinggi dibandingkan suhu lainnya. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi terhadap pengembangan energi terbarukan berbasis limbah pertanian di daerah tropis serta mendukung program transisi energi nasional.The global energy crisis and Indonesia's dependence on fossil fuels (BBF) have driven the need to explore renewable energy sources. Biogas, as a sustainable solution, is produced through anaerobic degradation of materials with methane (CH₄) 50–75% and carbon dioxide (CO₂) 30–45% as its dominant components. Agro industrial waste such as durian peel shows great potential for biogas production, as Indonesia produces more than 19 thousand tons of durian annually according to the 2024 Statistics Indonesia report. Utilizing durian peel is ideal since its composition (65–80%) is significantly higher than that of the pulp (20–35%) and seeds (5–15%). This study employed a substrate ratio of 5 grams of total solids (TS) + 100 mL of inoculum + 200 mL of distilled water, with intermittent stirring (three times per day, 1 minute per session). The tested temperature variations under thermophilic conditions 40°C, 45°C, and 50°C, including one control without heating. The analysis focused on daily pressure accumulation and gas composition profiles (CH₄ and CO₂). The results show that 40°C (thermophilic condition) achieved maximum efficiency due to optimal methanogenic microbial activity, producing higher methane (CH₄) yield compared to other temperatures. This study contributes to the development of renewable energy from agricultural waste in tropical regions and supports Indonesia’s national energy transition program.