Postural balance and its relationship with physical activity and sleep quality during pregnancy: a multiple linear regression analysis

Abstract

Introduction: Pregnant women experience physiological and anatomical changes that alter postural balance (PB) and increase the risk of fall-related trauma. The present study explores the relationship of PB with physical activity (PA) and sleep quality (SQ), and identifies factors associated with postural instability in pregnancy. Material and methods: An analytical cross-sectional survey was conducted among 138 pregnant women (mean age 27.20 ± 5.3). PB was objectively assessed through the Biodex Balance System using the Overall Postural Stability Index (OAPSI), Fall Risk Test (FRT) and Modified Clinical Test of Sensory Interaction on Balance (m-CTSIB). PA level and SQ were measured using the Pregnancy Physical Activity Questionnaire (PPAQ) and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) respectively. Data was analysed using SPSS 21. Results: The mean OAPSI, FRT and m-CTSIB scores were 3.04 ± 1.24, 2.74 ± 1.02, 2.10 (1.28), respectively. Of the 138 women included in the study, 108 (78.3%) had poor SQ and l35 (97.8%) were sedentary. PA demonstrated significant, weak negative correlations with OAPSI (r = -0.22, p = 0.02) and FRT (r = -0.25, p = 0.01). SQ exhibited significant, weak positive correlations with OAPSI (r = 0.33), FRT (r = 0.47) and m-CTSIB (r = 0.40) with p < 0.001. Regression analysis identified PA, occupation, fall history and sleep efficiency as significant predictors of PB (β = 3.28, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Low PA levels and poor sleep quality appear to be associated with postural instability amongst pregnant women. Postural balance is significantly influenced by PA, occupation, sleep efficiency and fall history.