Technical and administrative characterization of small-holder milk production systems in a central region of Colombia

Abstract

The objective of this work was to carry out the technical-administrative characterization of smallholder of milk production systems located in the village of El Peñón, in the town of Sibaté/Colombia. The study was carried out during the months of November/2016 to April/2017. The information was obtained through semi-structured interviews with 18 producers. For the identification of the systems, technical-productive variables were investigated and the characterization included the analysis of components: a) Location, biophysical aspects, landscape, use and land management; b) Forage resources and food; c) Animal resources; d) Reproduction and health; e) Milk production, livestock marketing and business management; f) Handing, infrastructure and equipment; and g) Owner information. A cluster analysis and multiple correspondences analysis using the statistical package SAS (Statistical analysis system, version 9.4). The results of the cluster analysis were shown the conformation of 8 groups classified as: specialized dairy, semispecialized, smallholder and small farm given to heterogeneity of the productive model. Five smallholder systems were identified, the analysis of multiple correspondences showed a relationship between qualitative variables and components evidencing a technological model based on a semi-intensive production with adequate infrastructure and acquisition of low cost technology with low validated feeding strategies. The use of low genetic quality animal resources with reduced implementation of breeding programs and reproductive biotechnologies and healthy plans and the lack of practices of animal welfare and good milking practices. Additionally, limited marketing networks and business management strategies. In conclusion, the systems are developed in heterogeneous conditions, which is due to the formulation of different production models. The characterization of smallholder systems is necessary to identify technological recommendations and the intervention of policies for the improvement and strengthening of productive systems.