Inducing flowering in Noccaea caerulescens (J. & C. Presl) F. K. mey (Brassicaceae), a species having high heavy-metal accumulation

Abstract

Noccaea caerulescens (J. & C. Presl) F. K. Mey (Brassicaceae) is a plant widely used in studies of the high accumulation of such metals as Cd, Ni, and Zn. Considered a biennial species, propagated mainly by seed, it presents a long period for the generation of new individuals, which significantly hampers the development of new studies of this species. Based on the above, the objective of this work was to develop a protocol to induce early flowering and abundant seed-production in N. caerulescens. Plants of this species were therefore grown and developed in a controlled environment (growth room and cold chamber), and then submitted to different treatments composed of combinations of the following environmental conditions: photoperiod (8 or 12 hour of light - 100 μmol m-2 s-1), temperature (4 or 21 °C), time of exposure to the above conditions (6 or 8 weeks) and application of different concentrations of GA3 (0, 15, 30 and 60 μg μL-1). The work was carried out in a completely randomized design, with twenty plants per treatment being analyzed. The following characteristics were evaluated: a) Percentage of flowering (%); (b) Length of main cluster (cm); and (c) seed production (g pl-1). It can be seen that the temperature of 4°C was essential for inducing flowering and seed-production in N. caerulescens, with the time of exposure of the plants to this temperature being very important to potentialise seed production and longer periods of exposure to low temperatures being preferred.