PATHOGENESIS, TREATMENT AND CONTROL OF BOVINE CLINICAL ENDOMETRITIS: A REVIEW

Abstract

Clinical endometritis is a common uterine disease of bovine caused by various pathogenic bacteria, owing to reduce the reproductive efficiency, infertility and huge economic losses to the livestock farmer. It has already been reported that endometritis affects reproductive performance of livestock by delaying service interval, reduce conception rate, and repeat breeding. Contamination during artificial insemination, dystocia, unhygienic handling of parturition, multiple birth and abortion are the predisposing factors related to endometritis in cattle. Additionally, several microorganisms have been frequently isolated such as Escherichia coli, Fusobacterium necrophorum, Actinomyces pyogenes and Bacteroides species. Due to lack of awareness regarding the diagnosis and treatment of this devastating condition, farmers usually cull exaggerated animals even having better genetic potential. The present review summarizes the contemporary understanding about the quantifiable importance of endometritis, including aetiology, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment and its control.  Moreover, present work will researchers, veterinarians and dairy farmers in early diagnosis and treatment this menace to minimize economic losses and also safeguard high milk yielding animal.