Nonverbal Expressions Of Trauma: A Secondary Analysis Of PTSD-Specific Cues In Clinical Assessments

Abstract

Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) is diagnosed through both verbal and nonverbal cues observed in clinical interviews. Nonverbal behaviours, such as facial expressions, body posture, and eye contact, play a critical role in indicating emotional states and aiding PTSD diagnosis. This study examines nonverbal cues associated with PTSD, their diagnostic reliability, and their correlation with symptom severity and treatment progress. A secondary analysis of observational and video-based studies focusing on PTSD diagnostic interviews was conducted. Data extraction focused on identifying nonverbal cues, including facial expressions and body language. Meta-analysis techniques assessed the reliability of these cues and their correlation with PTSD symptoms and treatment progress. Consistent nonverbal cues identified include emotional detachment, tense posture, rapid blinking, and avoidance behaviours such as turning away. These behaviours were linked to PTSD symptom severity and treatment progress, with improvements like relaxed posture and increased eye contact indicating symptom reduction. However, some cues overlap with other conditions such as anxiety and depression, complicating diagnosis without additional diagnostic tools. It is recommended to integrate nonverbal cues into PTSD diagnostic practices, particularly when combined with structured interviews and psychometric assessments. Clinician training to recognise these cues could enhance diagnostic accuracy. Future research should explore AI tools for analysing nonverbal cues and conduct longitudinal studies for further insights.