The association of dietary and lifestyle indices for insulin resistance with the risk of cardiometabolic diseases among Iranian adults

Abstract

The current study aimed to examine the possible association of the dietary index for insulin resistance (DIR) and the lifestyle index for insulin resistance (LIR), determined by dietary components, body mass index, and physical activity, with the risk of cardiometabolic diseases, including insulin resistance (IR), hypertension (HTN), diabetes, and metabolic syndrome (MetS). This prospective cohort study was performed on 2717 individuals aged ≥ 19 years in the framework of the Tehran Lipid-Glucose Study. Data on nutritional intakes were assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Logistic regression models were used to determine the odds ratio and 95% confidence intervals (ORs and 95% CIs) of cardiometabolic diseases across tertiles of DIR and LIR scores. During 3-years of follow-up, the incidence rate of diabetes, IR, HTN, and MetS was 3%, 13%, 13.9%, and 17%, respectively. In the multi-variables model, after controlling all potential confounders, the risk of IR(OR: 1.65, 95% CI 1.01–2.69, P-trend = 0.047), diabetes (OR: 1.95, 95% CI 1.02–3.74, P-trend = 0.058), and HTN(OR: 1.52, 95% CI 1.07–2.15, P-trend = 0.016) was increased across tertiles of DIR score. Also, the risk of IR (OR: 2.85, 95% CI 1.72–4.73, P-trend < 0.001), diabetes(OR: 2.44, 95% CI 1.24–4.78, P-trend = 0.004), HTN(OR: 1.95, 95% CI 1.35–2.81, P-trend < 0.001), and MetS (OR: 2.87, 95% CI 1.96–4.18, P-trend < 0.001) were increased across tertiles of LIR score. Our findings reported that a dietary pattern with a higher DIR score and a lifestyle with a higher LIR score might be related to increased cardiometabolic disorders, including diabetes, HTN, Mets, and IR in Iranian adults.