THE ASSOCIATION BETWEEN THE INSERTION/DELETION POLYMORPHISM OF THE ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME GENE AND HYPERTENSION, AS WELL AS ENVIRONMENTAL, BIOCHEMICAL AND ANTHROPOMETRIC FACTORS

Abstract

Background. Arterial hypertension is caused by environmental factors and genetic predisposition. Objective. The aim of this study was to assess the association between the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene variants and environmental factors, biochemical and anthropometric parameters and the incidence of hypertension. Material and methods. A total of 73 patients, aged 24 to 68, with Body Mass Index (BMI) above 25 kg/m2 took part in this study. Nutrient intake was assessed with a diet based on consumption records. The ACE gene insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism was determined by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Results. Normal pressure predominated in persons with genotype II (59.1%), whereas hypertension in persons with genotype ID (55.2%). The frequency of the D allele was 5% higher in the hypertensive group (53% vs. 48%), but this difference was not statistically significant. The percentage of patients who consumed alcohol and smoked cigarettes in the D allele group was higher than in the I allele group. People with the D allele had lower vitamin D intake and higher copper intake than carriers of the allele I. The highest vitamin D intake was found in people with genotype II, and the differences were significant compared to patients with ID genotype. People with the D allele consumed more carbohydrates and less protein than those with the I allele, but these differences were not statistically significant. Conclusions. Hypertensive subjects were more frequent DD and ID genotypes, whereas normotensive subjects - the II genotype. People with the D allele had lower vitamin D and protein intake, while the carbohydrate and copper intake was higher than those with the I allele. The group with the D allele had a higher percentage of smokers and alcohol drinkers. Our studies have shown a relationship between environmental and genetic factors and hypertension, but more research is needed.