Recent Knowledge on Physicochemical Properties of Surfactant Solutions and Their Application in the Detergent Field

Abstract

; Detergency is accomplished by a combination of effects involving several interfa-cial properties and a number of different mechanisms are involved in the process. Restricting attention to oily soils, three basic mechanisms have generally been accepted; rolling-up, emulsifi-cation and solubilization. Although all three have been recognized for many years, recent investigation has greatly increased knowledge of these mechanisms. This article reviews the role of surfactants in these mechanisms and also topics relating to the oleochemical-based-surfactants with novel properties utilized in heavy duty detergents. Key words: detergent, detergency mechanism, surfactant, physicochemical property 1 ‚Í ‚ ¶ ‚ß ‚É 'Î •Û ‚AE‚È ‚é •¨ Ž¿‚© ‚ç-Ú"I ‚Ì ‰˜‚ê •¨ Ž¿‚𠉻 Šw"I ‚É •oe‹Ž ‚· ‚é •û-@‚Í,‰˜‚ꉘ‚ê ‚ð-n "} ‚Å-n ‰ð ‚· ‚é •û-@‚AE•… "} 'Ì ' † ‚ÉŠE-Ê Šˆ•Šˆ•« •Ü‚ð ‰Á ‚¦,‚» ‚Ì ŠE-Ê‚Ö‚Ì ‹z '…•ì-p ‚ÉŠî ‚Ã ‚-•Z " §,•ª ŽU,‚» ‚µ ‚ÄŠe Ží ‚Ì •ª Žq‰ï• ‡ 'Ì ‚Ì OE`•¬ •ì-p ‚ÉŠî ‚Ã ‚-"û ‰», ‰Â-n ‰» ‚È ‚Ç‚Ì ‹@"\ ‚ð-˜-p ‚· ‚é •û-@‚É •ª ‚¯ ‚ç ‚ê ‚é ‚ª,‰AE 'ë ‚Å‚Ì •ô 'ó ‚Å‚Í,"Á ‚ɈÀ'S •« ‚AEŽí •X‚Ì ƒRƒX ƒg•ã ‚Ì • §-ñ ‚© ‚ç OEãŽÒ‚Ì •û-@‚ªˆê@‚ªˆê "Ê"I ‚Å‚ ‚é •B •] ‚Á‚Ä,Žg ‚í ‚ê ‚é •ô •Ü‚Ì ŠE-ÊŠˆ•ÊŠˆ•« •Ü ‚ª ‰Ê ‚½‚·-ðŠ" ‚ª •d-v ‚Å‚ ‚è,• ‡ •¬ ŠE-ÊŠˆ•ÊŠˆ•« •Ü‚ð ƒx •[ ƒX‚AE‚µ‚½•ô •Ü‚Ì 'a • ¶ ˆÈ 'O‚© ‚ç ŠE-ÊŠˆ•ÊŠˆ•« •Ü ‚Ì ‹@"\ ‚â OEø-¦‚ð •‚ ‚ß ‚é ‚½‚ß ‚Ì-l•X‚È‹Z •p ŠJ "-‚â-•˜_ ‰È Šw-Ê‚Ì '~ •Ï ‚ª ‚È ‚³ ‚ê ‚Ä‚« ‚½•B-{ •e ‚Å‚Í,‚± ‚ê ‚ç ‚Ì ‹Z•p •¬ ‰Ê ‚Ì ‹Éˆê‹Éˆê •" ‚Å ‚Í ‚ ‚é ‚ª,-û •« ‰˜‚ê ‚Ì •ô •ò ‰ß 'ö ‚É ‚¨‚¯‚¨‚¯ ‚é ŠE-ÊŠˆ•ÊŠˆ•« •Ü‰ï• ‡ 'Ì ‚Ì ‹@"\ ‚É ŠÖ‚· ‚é OE¤ ‹ † ‚AE,•Å ‹ß ‰AE 'ë-p •ô •Ü ‚ɉž-p‚³ ‚ê ‚Ä ‚« ‚½"V'R-û Ž‰-R-ˆ‚Ì ŠE-ÊŠˆ•ÊŠˆ•« •Ü‚Ì "Á•« ‚É ‚¨‚¯‚¨‚¯ ‚é ƒgƒs ƒb ƒN ƒX‚ð •MŽÒ‚ç‚Ì 'mOE© ‚àŠÜ‚ß ‚ĕЉ ‚½‚¢ •B 2 •ô •ò OEø‰Ê‚ð •‚ ‚ß ‚é ŠE-Ê Šˆ•Šˆ•« •Ü ‰ï• ‡ 'Ì ‚Ì "Á •« 2•E1 •ô •ò OEø‰Ê ‚Ì ‚AE‚ç ‚¦ •û •ô •ò ‚É‚©‚©‚í ‚éˆö‚éˆö Žq ‚Í •ô •ò-•‚Ì ŠÂ‹«(‰· "x,•d "x,‹@ ŠB-Í‚È ‚Ç),'Î •Û'@ˆÛ ‚Ì •¨ •«,‰˜‚ꉘ‚ê •¨ Ž¿ ‚Ì-R-ˆ‚È ‚Ç"ñ •í ‚É '½ ‚-,‚» ‚ê ‚ç ‚Ìˆö‚̈ö Žq‚Ì '• ˜a ‚© ‚ç ‚È ‚é •ô •ò ‰ß 'ö ‚Í ‹É ‚ß ‚Ä •¡ ŽG‚Å‚ ‚é •B•] ‚Á‚Ä,•ô •ò OEø‰Ê ‚ð 'è-Ê ‰» ‚· ‚é ‚É ‚Í ‰˜‚ê ‚Ì •oe‹Ž ‚ð '¼•Ú-" ‚Í ŠÔ•Ú"I ‚É'ª 'è ‚· ‚é ‰½ ‚ç ‚©‚Ì Žè-@‚ð OEˆ‚ß, •ô •ò 'OOEã‚Å‚Ì ‰˜‚ê-Ê ‚Ì •Ï ‰» ‚ð 'ª ‚é ‚AE‚¢ ‚Á‚½Žè-@‚ªˆê@‚ªˆê "Ê"I ‚Å‚ ‚é •B ‚µ ‚© ‚µ,•ô •ò ‚Ì ŠÔ‚É ‚à ‰˜‚ê ‚Ì •ó 'Ô‚Í •• •X‚AE•Ï ‰» ‚µ,‚» ‚ê ‚É"º ‚¢ Šî Ž¿•\-Ê‚© ‚ç ‚Ì ‰˜‚ê ‚Ì 'E-£‚AE"} 'Ì ' † ‚Ö‚Ì •ª ŽU‹" "® ‚à'å ‚« ‚-•Ï ‰» ‚· ‚é ‚Í ‚¸‚Å‚‚¸‚Å‚ ‚è,-¼ ŽÒ‚Ì •Ï ‰»‚ð ŠÜ ‚Þ ' † ‚Å•ô •ò OEø‰Ê ‚AE‚µ‚Ä‚» ‚Ì ‚Ü‚Ü ‚AE‚ç ‚¦ ‚é ‚± ‚AE‚Í "ï ‚µ ‚¢ •B ‚â ‚Þ ‚ð "¾‚¸,"¾ ‚ç‚ê ‚½'• 'Ì "I ‚È •ô •ò OEø ‰Ê ‚ð Ží •X‚Ì-v 'f "I ‚©‚•½•t ˜_ "I •l Ž@ OE‹‰Ê ‚AE'Î "ä ‚³ ‚¹,•Ï ‰»‚Ì ‰ß 'ö ‚ð •" Ž@ ‚· ‚é ‚± ‚AE‚É ‚È ‚é •B ‚± ‚Ì ‚ae ‚¤ ‚È-v 'f ƒ‚ ƒf ƒ‹ ‚É-§ ‚ OEÀ ‚èOE»ŽÀ‚Ì •ô •ò ‰ß 'ö 'S 'Ì ‚ð •à-¾‚· ‚é ‚± ‚AE‚Í •¢ "ï ‚AE Žv ‚í ‚ê ‚é ‚ª,•]-ˆ OE© ‰ß‚² ‚³ ‚ê ‚Ä ‚« ‚½OE»•Û‚ð •V‚½‚ÈŽ‹ "_ ‚ÅOEµ-§ ‚ɉð •Í ‚· ‚é ‚± ‚AE‚Å,-\ 'z ŠO‚ȉB ‚³ ‚ê ‚½'¤-Ê‚ð "-OE© ‚Å‚« ‚é ‚± ‚AE‚ª ‚ ‚é •B ‚± ‚± ‚Å‚Í,-û •« ‰˜‚ê ‚É'Î ‚· ‚é ŠE-ÊŠˆ•ÊŠˆ•« •Ü‰ï• ‡ 'Ì ‚Ì •ì-p‚É ŠÖ‚· ‚é OE¤‹ †-á‚É ‚» ‚Ì ‚ae ‚¤ ‚È '¤-Ê ‚ð OE© ‚¢ ‚¾‚¹ ‚é ‚à ‚Ì ‚AE•l ‚¦,•]-ˆ‚Ì 'mOE© ‚ð •U ‚è •Ô ‚Á‚Ä‚Ý‚é •B 2•E2 ƒ} ƒNƒ• ‚È •ô •ò OE»•Û‚© ‚çOE© ‚½-û •« ‰˜‚ê ‚Ì •oe‹Ž 2•E2•E1 •ô •ò ‚AE‰Â-n ‰» ‹@•\ ‰Â-n ‰»‚ª-û •« •¨ Ž¿‚Ì •oe‹Ž ‚É ‚¨‚¯‚¨‚¯ ‚é Žå-v‚È‹@•\ ‚Å ‚ ‚é ‚± ‚AE‚Í "¼•¢ ‹I 'O ‚ÉMcBain‚É ‚ae ‚è 'ñ •¥ ‚³ ‚ê1),‚» ‚Ì OEã‚̘A OEã‚̘A-• ŽÒ:"¡ OE´•³ "ü 227