Digestibilities of energy, protein, fat and nonstarch polysaccharides in a low fiber diet and diets containing coarse or fine whole meal rye are comparable in rats and humans

Abstract

The apparent digestibility of energy, protein, fat and nonstarch polysaccharides (NSP) of a low fiber diet and two high fiber diets containing coarse or fine whole meal rye bread was studied in experiments with humans and rats. Human subjects consumed the experimental diets for 3 wk each in a 3 x 3 cross over design. For the rat diets, duplicate portions of the foods consumed by the human subjects were mixed together, freeze dried and ground. There was a good agreement in the digestibility of energy (humans: 94.7 ± 0.9, 91.2 ± 1.2 and 91.6 ± 1.4%; rats: 95.0 ± 0.8, 92.5 ± 1.4 and 91.7 ± 1.8%) and fat (humans: 95.2 ± 1.5, 94.4 ± 1.0 and 94.8 ± 2.5%, rats: 95.4 ± 0.9, 94.0 ± 0.4 and 94.0 ± 0.4%) for the low fiber diet and the diets containing coarse or fine whole meal bread, respectively. Apparent and true digestibility of protein was consistently lower (P < 0.0001) in humans (apparent digestibility: 90.6 ± 1.5, 86.2 ± 1.4 and 86.3 ± 2.3%; true digestibility: 95.1 ± 1.5, 90.7 ± 1.4 and 90.8 ± 2.2%) than in rats (apparent digestibility: 92.3 ± 1.1, 89.4 ± 0.9 and 88.9 ± 1.0%; true digestibility: 98.3 ± 1.1, 94.9 ± 0.9 and 94.2 ± 1.0%) for all three diets. The digestibility of NSP tended to be lower (P < 0.066) in rats than in humans for the diet containing fine whole meal bread (rats: 59.6 ± 8.0%, humans: 68.0 ± 5.2%) and the low fiber diet (rats: 72.1 ± 10.8%; humans: 80.5 ± 7.1%), whereas it was similar in both species for the diet containing the coarse whole meal bread (rats: 66.1 ± 6.0%; humans: 65.8 ± 9.3%). In spite of some differences in digestibility values, our results suggest that the rat is a suitable model for humans to predict digestibility of nutrients in mixed diets containing cereal fiber sources.