Body contour adaptation for weight-loss and bolus for head and neck radiotherapy on Ethos version 2.0 and HyperSight: Synthetic CT versus direct calculation

Abstract

Purpose: In radiotherapy, body contour inaccuracies may compromise the delineation of adjacent structures and affect calculated dose. Here, we evaluate the un-editable body contours auto-generated by Ethos versions 1.0 (v1) and 2.0 (v2) treatment planning softwares for two simulated cases: weight-loss and bolus application, particularly important for head and neck radiotherapy patients. Methods: A 3D-printed target structure was secured to the neck of an anthropomorphic phantom and sequentially covered with silicone boluses of uniform thickness, providing cases for bolus application (0.5 and 1 cm) and weight-loss (2.0, 1.5, 1.0, 0.5, and 0 cm). HyperSight CBCT images of the phantom were acquired to simulate the online adaptation process. Baseline body contours were manually produced and compared to those auto-generated in Ethos v1 (synthetic CTs) and Ethos v2 (synthetic CTs and direct calculation on HyperSight CBCTs). Additionally, the target volume D95% dose metric for weight-loss adapted plans generated by the Ethos v2 were analyzed as a function of surface layer thickness. Results: The Ethos v1 body contour did not adapt adequately for the weight-loss image set [mean absolute volume deviation from baseline (MAD) = 205 cm3]. The weight-loss synthetic CT and HyperSight CBCT volumes in Ethos v2 were comparable to manually generated contours (MAD = 34 and 46 cm3, respectively); however, the bolus Hypersight CBCT body contour intersected the outer edge of the phantom (MAD = 157 cm3). The D95% deviation from the planned dose decreased by up to 10% when using the Ethos v2 adapted plan for the weight-loss scenario. Conclusion: Contours in Ethos v1 rely on reference contours and deformable registration algorithms, whereas Ethos v2 does not. Hence, Ethos v2 is preferred for cases involving weight change. A tight-fitted air gap-free bolus is critical for achieving accurate body contours for Ethos v2 Hypersight CBCTs.