Osteoporosis Etiology, Epidemiology, Diagnosis, Diet, and Treatment: A Narrative Review

Abstract

This narrative review aimed to select, gather, and present inclusive evidence about osteoporosis etiology, epidemiology, diagnosis, diet, and treatment. We searched PubMed and Google using these terms: osteoporosis AND etiology, osteoporosis AND epidemiology, osteoporosis AND diagnosis, osteoporosis AND diet, and osteoporosis AND treatment. Each title of the extracted manuscripts was read first. If deemed suitable, the abstracts of the manuscripts and text were read carefully. Afterward, the details of each term were selected, put together, and summarized. The review attempted to find associated literature up to the beginning of 2022. Limits were used to restrict the search to English language publications. Several 3988 manuscripts relevant to the search objectives were retrieved. The results were analyzed and presented with important evidence to shape this narrative review. Osteoporosis leads to bone fragility, disability, and risk of fracture. These events cause many problems, particularly in the elderly. The publication of narrative review articles can provide helpful information such as timely disease diagnosis, prescribing the most appropriate medicines, correct nutrition methods, and prevention strategies to clinicians and their patients. It is suggested that the results of such studies be included in the agenda of relevant organizations such as the WHO.