Social enterprises and their ecosystems

  • Damaška P
  • Račić D
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Abstract

Social enterprises in many countries face a lack of legal recognition and insufficient institutional and financial support. Ecosystems that support their emergence and development are thus weak. Social enterprises respond to important societal challenges that are relevant to multiple stakeholders at different territorial levels (local, national and international). This multi-territorial nature of stakeholder networks in which social enterprises are embedded is also related to the ecosystem gaps, which prompt social enterprises to overcome weaknesses at one territorial level by utilising opportunities at other levels, and thereby seek overall viability and impact on society. The paper outlines a conceptual framework for the process of managing stakeholder networks within social enterprise ecosystems. That entails identification of key stakeholders (defined by their level of salience, based on Mitchell, Age and Wood, 1997) and the material and symbolic resources a social enterprise obtains from them and/or provides to them. The framework is applied to a case study of the Green Energy Cooperative (GEC) from Croatia. GEC was founded to facilitate local communities and citizens in the planning, development, management and financing of renewable energy sources and energy efficiency projects. However, given the underdevelopment of the relevant ecosystem in Croatia, fulfilling this ‘localised’ mission also simultaneously required strategic engagement of GEC with policymakers at the national level, as well as with EU and other international funding sources and advocacy organisations. Each of these territorial dimensions (related to local projects, national policies and international funding and advocacy) involves relationships with multiple stakeholders which need to be developed and maintained over time, if viability and impact are to be achieved.Društvena poduzeća u mnogim zemljama nisu prepoznata kao specifični pravni subjekti, a institucionalna i financijska potpora im je nedostatna. Ekosustavi koji podupiru njihov nastanak i razvoj su stoga slabi. Društvena poduzeća odgovaraju na važne društvene izazove koji su relevantni za više dionika na različitim teritorijalnim razinama (lokalnoj, nacionalnoj i međunarodnoj). Ova višeteritorijalna priroda mreža dionika u koje su društvena poduzeća uključena također je povezana s prazninama u ekosustavu, koje potiču društvena poduzeća da prevladaju slabosti na jednoj teritorijalnoj razini korištenjem prilika na drugim razinama - i na taj način teže ukupnoj održivosti i učinku na društvo. U članku se razvija konceptualni okvir za upravljanje mrežama dionika unutar ekosustava društvenih poduzeća. To podrazumijeva identifikaciju ključnih dionika (definiranih njihovom razinom važnosti, na temelju Mitchell, Age i Wood, 1997) te materijalnih i simboličkih resursa koje društveno poduzeće dobiva od njih i/ili im ih pruža. Okvir je primijenjen na studiju slučaja Zelene energetske zadruge (ZEZ) iz Hrvatske. ZEZ je osnovan kako bi lokalnim zajednicama i građanima pomogao u planiranju, razvoju, upravljanju i financiranju projekata obnovljivih izvora energije i energetske učinkovitosti. Međutim, s obzirom na nerazvijenost relevantnog ekosustava u Hrvatskoj, ispunjavanje ove ‘lokalizirane’ misije također je istovremeno zahtijevalo strateški angažman ZEZ-a s kreatorima politika na nacionalnoj razini, kao i s EU i drugim međunarodnim izvorima financiranja i organizacijama za zagovaranje. Svaka od ovih teritorijalnih dimenzija (povezana s lokalnim projektima, nacionalnim politikama i međunarodnim financiranjem i zagovaranjem) uključuje odnose s višestrukim dionicima koje treba razvijati i održavati tijekom vremena, ako se želi postići održivost i učinak.

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CITATION STYLE

APA

Damaška, P., & Račić, D. (2023). Social enterprises and their ecosystems. Ekonomski Pregled, 74(6), 793–817. https://doi.org/10.32910/ep.74.6.1

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