Tuberculosis and tuberculosis resistance to rifampicin and isoniazid in the Andean Subregion of the Americas 2020

Abstract

Tuberculosis (TB), is the disease caused by species belonging to the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and one of the 10 causes of death worldwide, currently being a major public health problem with cases of co-infection TB / HIV and TB resistant to rifampicin and isoniazid. Objective was proposed to study the epidemiological behavior of Tuberculosis, TB / HIV coinfection and resistance to rifampicin and isoniazid in the Andean subregion of the Americas during the period 2000-2019. A retrospective descriptive study was carried out using the data provided by PAHO and WHO in their open access electronic sources; the data analysis was carried out with the mobile App “The WHO TB Report”. As a result, TB has a total incidence rate of 64/100 thousand inhabitants in 2019, when characterizing the population at risk, the male sex is the most predisposing with 64.00% of the cases, while adulthood is the most vulnerable, being less frequent in the age group 0 to 14 years, with values close to 4.00% of the general prevalence, it was possible to show coinfection with HIV in 5.28 and TB resistant to rifampicin and isoniazid (TB -MDR / RR) with 1 case / 100,000 inhabitants. Peru and Bolivia are the countries with the highest burden of disease, with 119 and 106 cases per 100,000 inhabitants. Finally, in the control of TB, preventive treatment must be considered, and the attention of drug-resistant TB, each member of the subregion must make its specific analysis with epidemiological and sociopolitical reality on prevention, control and elimination of the tuberculosis, in line with WHO and PAHO guidelines.