Management of shock

Abstract

Shock is a medical emergency. Early identification and management in the compensated stage is essential to prevent progression to Multi Organ Dysfunction Syndrome (MODS) and cardiopulmonary failure. Shock is characterised by signs of decreased organ perfusion. Hypovolemia is the commonest cause of shock in children followed by sepsis. Shock can occur in the presence of normal blood pressure. Hypotension is a late sign of shock and indicates decompensation. Aggressive fluid resuscitation in the first hour, often termed the golden hour, is life saving in septic and hypovolemic shock. Inotropes and vasodilators are needed in cardiogenic and septic shock. Blood products should be given in shock accompanying trauma.