An Analysis of the Demographics and Clinical Characteristics of Transgender and Intersex Populations in Korea: A Retrospective Study Using HIRA Database

Abstract

Background: Transgender and intersex populations have long remained under-documented in South Korea, largely due to the absence of comprehensive epidemiological data. With increasing societal acknowledgment, there's an urgent need to understand the demographics and health challenges faced by these communities. Methods: This retrospective, large-scale data study included people who received the F64 codes from the Korean Health Insurance Review & Assessment Service between January 2007 and December 2021. Demographics, gender-affirmative treatments, and psychiatric related medications were examined. Results: Between 2007 and 2021, 8,602 patients were diagnosed with “gender identity disorder” and 45 with “intersex.” A steadily increasing annual prevalence was observed, peaking at 986 cases in 2021. The majority (79.8%) were aged between 10 and 30. Nearly half (53.2%) exhibited mental and behavioral disorders. Two-thirds had been prescribed anxiolytics or sedatives either before or after diagnosis. Merely 12.1% received hormone therapy covered by health insurance. Conclusion: This is the first large-scale study highlighting the demographics and clinical characteristics of the transgender and intersex populations in Korea. The study reveals a consistent growth of these communities over the past 15 years, with a significant proportion under 30 years of age facing mental and behavioral challenges. Findings underscore the need for targeted healthcare interventions, early psychological support, and comprehensive insurance coverage tailored to the specific needs of these individuals in Korea.