Effects of hay quality on intake, growth path, body composition and muscle characteristics of Salers heifers

Abstract

A comparison between continuously (CG group, n = 9) and discontinuously (DG, n = 14) growing Salers heifers during a two year growth period after weaning was performed. Feed was available to all animals ad libitum throughout the experiment. Growth differences in the winter resulted from a different quality of the offered hay. In the summer, the animals were conducted indoors and offered the same good quality hay. Serial slaughter was carried out in order to estimate the evolution of body composition and muscle characteristics (fibre type and area, collagen) which may influence meat quality. This experimental scheme made it possible to simulate two types of nutritional environment (poor and rich) and to study their impact on intake, growth, body composition and muscle characteristics of the animals. DG heifers always underwent a summer compensatory growth, even though not complete, when compared with CG animals. The final slaughter was carried out at the same live weight, approximately 700 kg. On average, DG heifers were therefore slaughtered 56 days later than CG animals. The differences in mean daily weight gains always neared 300 g.d -1, respectively in favour of CG in the winter and DG in the summer. Growth compensation was attributable to an increased intake (between +6 and +7%) in the summer and a tendency for a higher growth efficiency of DG animals. No significant major difference was detected between CG and DG body composition at the final slaughter at which final carcass was approximately 400 kg and total adipose tissue weight reached approximately 130 kg (21.5% of the empty body weight). Final muscle characteristics were not modified by growth type either. It was concluded that growth path can vary according to food availability, without affecting the characteristics of the finished carcasses at constant weight. © INRA, EDP Sciences, 2005.