Biomechanics of the Cervical Spine

Abstract

This chapter summarizes the biomechanics of the intact and diseased cervical spine. The cervical spine has two transition zones or junctions at either end: the occipitocervical and cervicothoracic junction. These regions present unique stabilization and instrumentation challenges, particularly considering the close proximity of eloquent neural and vascular tissues. The chapter begins with a brief review of the anatomy then continues forth to discuss the various biomechanical changes that occur with pathologic and surgically induced states. We make sure to touch on both anterior and posterior approaches to the cervical spine. Over time, technology has transformed how we evaluate and manage cervical spine pathologies.