Metal–Polymer Joining by Additive Manufacturing: Effect of Printing Parameters and Interlocking Design

Abstract

Additive manufacturing has a strong potential to produce sound metal–polymer joints using controlled polymer deposition on a metallic substrate. In this way, this study aimed to explore the morphological and mechanical properties of metal–polymer joints produced through material-extrusion-based AM using a pin-based macro-mechanical interlocking mechanism. Joints were fabricated with polylactic acid deposited onto a heated aluminium alloy substrate to form the connection. The optimisation process was focused on improving the printing parameters and pin geometries to reduce voids and enhance joint integrity. The results indicate that optimised samples exhibit superior mechanical resistance, achieving a maximum load improvement with an overall strength increase of 368.97% compared to non-optimised joints. A combined pin geometry (50% cylindrical, 50% conical) was found to be the most effective. Morphological analysis confirmed uniform polymer deposition, ensuring reliable joint performance. These findings underscore the critical role of geometric optimisation in enhancing the strength and durability of metal–polymer joints in AM applications.