Tiquilia paronychioides (Phil.) a. t. richardson (boraginaceae): una revisión etnobotánica, etnofarmacológica y toxicológica

Abstract

Background: Medicinal plants have been used for many years in order to look for new treatments for various diseases. Peru is a country with a huge biodiversity and promotes the use of plants even in certain hospitals. Therefore, this review aims to analyze the available information about the traditional use, ethpharmacology and toxicity of Tiquilia paronychioides (Phil.) A. T. Richardson; in addition, to identifying possible research gaps to guide future studies of this plant. Methods: Scientific database articles such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, GoogleScholar, Scopus and thesis repositories of Peru, with relevant information about Tiquilia paronychioides, were analyzed. The search terms were "Tiquilia paronychoides", "Tiquilia paronichioides" or “flor de arena”. Results: There is a lot of information about the ethnobotany of this medicinal plant; however, there is little scientific evidence about the identification of bioactive compounds, pharmacological and toxicological aspects that support its traditional use. Conclusions: The available information of Tiquilia paronychioides was analyzed, structuring them in botany, traditional use, ethnopharmacology and toxicity. Scientific gaps on pharmacological activities, chemical composition and toxicology were also identified. Therefore, it is necessary to carry up studies on these aspects in order to use the plant properly and safely.