Identifying communication barriers between nurses and patients from the perspective of Iranian nurses: a Q-methodology-based study

Abstract

Background: Effective communication is essential for high-quality healthcare, yet barriers often impede meaningful connection between nurses and patients. This study aimed to prioritize communication barriers between nurses and patients in Iranian hospitals, exploring nurses’ perspectives. Methods: Thirty-one nurses participated in a six-step Q methodology study to identify different perspectives on communication barriers. Participants sorted a set of statements based on their own experiences and beliefs. Results: The average age of participants was 38.07 (SD = 6.49), with 70% being women. Four distinct factors emerged, explaining 47% of the total variance in perspectives: Organizational factors and work conditions (20%), Emotional distress and psychological barriers (11%), Lack of mutual understanding and awareness (7%), and declining professional motivation and engagement among nurses (9%). Conclusion: These findings highlight the multi-faceted nature of communication barriers between nurses and patients in this context. Interventions should address organizational factors, emotional well-being of nurses, cultural awareness, and professional motivation to improve communication and ultimately, patient care. This study provides valuable insights for Iran and other developing countries that are facing similar challenges.