Kazakhstan’s climate change policy: reflecting national strength, green economy aspirations and international agenda

Abstract

This article looks at how Kazakhstan’s heavy dependence on fossil fuels and its political context shape national discourse on climate change. Based on extensive analysis of the country’s strategic documents and expert interviews, we argue that although Kazakhstan’s economy relies on fossil fuels, the government is keen to promote sustainable development to attract international investments and advance its image as a ‘strong state’ for the domestic audience, and as a progressive and reliable partner for the international audience. Whilst there is little evidence of ‘post-colonial’ rhetoric appearing in Kazakhstan’s official climate change discourse, the state’s past is evident in its instrumental approach to environmental issues which in turn translates into inconsistencies in its climate change policy.