Advances of Nanotechnology in Eradication Bacterial Infectious Diseases: A Recent Review

Abstract

Many antibiotics have proven ineffective due to the increase of multiple drug resistance problems among pathogenic bacteria in the community or hospitals. Consequently, there is an urgent need to find effective materials to inhibit the activity of multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria. Therefore, this issue was presented in this study as a problem in urgent need of a solution, including finding alternatives to antibiotics. Hence, the present review aims initially to illustrate nanotechnology and its various medical applications and show its role in infectious diseases, therefore, it presents nanoparticles and the possibility of using them as alternatives to ineffective antibiotics against some mortal pathogens. Thus, the review shows the nanoparticles and their exceptional chemical and physical characteristics of nanoparticles, including the easiest of manufacture, low cost, and time and effort saving, and shows their promising benefits in many biological and medical applications, including antibacterial, antifungal, and anticancer. In addition, the study reviews the potential of using nanoparticles in future clinical trials. Finally, it shows the obstacles to using nanoparticles, thus, emphasizing the need to study the toxicological effects of nanoparticles before applying them in clinical settings.