Pregnancy-related spontaneous coronary artery dissection: a rare cause of acute coronary syndrome in the third trimester

Abstract

Background: Spontaneous Coronary Artery Dissection (SCAD) is a rare cause of myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death that is mostly seen in younger patients without significant cardiac risk factors. The mechanism by which SCAD causes an acute coronary event is related to the compromise of the coronary artery lumen as a result of hematoma within the vessel wall. In comparison to their non-pregnant counterparts, when SCAD is associated with pregnancy, it has been associated with an increased risk of life-threatening arrhythmias, cardiogenic shock, and death. The underlying mechanism behind SCAD is not yet fully understood, and despite the condition’s high mortality rate, it remains underdiagnosed. Case Presentation: Our case features a 38-year-old woman at 29 weeks of gestation presenting with chest pain that persisted despite initial management. Coronary angiography revealed a Type 2a spontaneous dissection of the left anterior descending artery. Given the risks of percutaneous coronary intervention in SCAD management and overall clinical stability, the patient was treated with conservative management. Conclusion: SCADs are a rare cause of acute coronary syndrome that can be found in patients without any prior cardiac risk factors. It is important to have a high index of suspicion when diagnosing SCADs given, they can cause life-threatening arrhythmias, cardiogenic shock, and death. This case highlights considerations that must be taken into account when treating P-SCAD, as opposed to SCAD in the postpartum period.