Nec‐1 alleviates cognitive impairment with reduction of Aβ and tau abnormalities in APP / PS 1 mice

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease ( AD ) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive symptoms of learning and memory deficits. Such cognitive impairments are attributed to brain atrophy resulting from progressive neuronal and synaptic loss; therefore, alleviation of neural cell death is as an important target of treatment as other classical hallmarks of AD , such as aggregation of amyloid‐β (Aβ) and hyperphosphorylation of tau. Here, we found that an anti‐necroptotic molecule necrostatin‐1 (Nec‐1) directly targets Aβ and tau proteins, alleviates brain cell death and ameliorates cognitive impairment in AD models. In the cortex and hippocampus of APP / PS 1 double‐transgenic mice, Nec‐1 treatment reduced the levels of Aβ oligomers, plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau without affecting production of Aβ, while it altered the levels of apoptotic marker proteins. Our results showing multiple beneficial modes of action of Nec‐1 against AD provide evidence that Nec‐1 may serve an important role in the development of preventive approach for AD . image Aβ plaques, hyperphosphorylated tau, brain atrophy and cognitive deficits are major hallmarks and therapeutic targets of Alzheimer's disease. A small molecule Nec‐1 inhibits Alzheimer‐like pathologies and behaviours of transgenic mice models by alleviating all of these phenotypes. Nec‐1 prevents Aβ‐induced cell death and alters levels of apoptotic marker proteins. Nec‐1 alleviates learning and memory deficits in Alzheimer mice. Nec‐1 reduces oligomers and plaques by direct interaction with Aβ aggregates. Nec‐1 reduces hyperphosphorylation and aggregation of tau by direct interaction.