Electrodynamic influence on the diurnal behaviour of neutral daytime airglow emissions

Abstract

The diurnal variations in daytime airglow emission intensity measurements at three wavelengths OI 777.4 nm, OI 630.0 nm, and OI 557.7 nm made from a low-latitude location, Hyderabad (17.5°N, 78.4° E; 8.9° N MLAT) in India have been investigated. The intensity patterns showed both symmetric and asymmetric behaviour in their respective diurnal emission variability with respect to local noon. The asymmetric diurnal behaviour is not expected considering the photochemical nature of the production mechanisms. The reason for this observed asymmetric diurnal behaviour has been found to be predominantly the temporal variation in the equatorial electrodynamics. The plasma that is transported across latitudes due to the action of varying electric field strengths over the magnetic equator in the daytime contributes to the asymmetric diurnal behaviour in the neutral daytime airglow emissions. Independent magnetic and radio measurements support this finding. It is also noted that this asymmetric diurnal behaviour in the neutral emission intensities has a solar cycle dependence with a greater number of days during high solar activity period showing asymmetric diurnal behaviour compared to those during a low solar activity epoch. These intensity variations over a long timescale demonstrate that the daytime neutral optical emissions are extremely sensitive to the changes in the eastward electric field over low and equatorial latitudes.