Evolutionary evidence on suitability of SecD as a target for development of antibacterial agents against Staphylococcus aureus

Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus causes many infections and its drug resistance is a worrying challenge for medical care. The SecD subunit of Sec secretion system in methicillin-resistant S. aureus is an attractive target because SecD dysfunction leads to the death of bacteria and SecD as a target is more efficient than SecA and SecF. Evolution could have made SecD to become insensitive to antibacterial agents although the drugs directly against SecD have yet to develop. So far, no detailed information on SecD evolution has been available, thus 2686 SecD sequences with full taxonomic information from kingdom to species were analyzed. First, the variance of pairwise p-distance was evaluated for each taxonomic group. Second, the variance was further partitioned into intergroup and intragroup variances for quantification of horizontal and vertical gene transfer. Third, phylogenetic tree was built to trace the evolutionary pathway. The results showed that overall evolution of SecDs appears to have undergone horizontal and vertical gene transfer. Only 0.5% horizontal transfers were found between any two SecDs in S. aureus, 6.8% and 8.8% horizontal transfers were found between any two Staphylococcus SecDs from different and the same species, and only one SecD from S. aureus was located far away from its sister cluster. Thus, statistic and evolutionary analyses demonstrate that the SecDs from staphylococcus species have a small chance of mutating, and provide taxonomic evidence to use the SecD as a potential target for new generation of antibacterial agents against S. aureus.