Epigenetic Therapy in Malignant and Chronic Diseases

Abstract

The role of epigenetics in cancer development establishes enzymes that regulate epigenetic modifications as vital targets for cancer therapy. Inhibition of DNA Methyltransferase (DNMT) and Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) enzymes proved to be a successful strategy in the treatment of some types of cancer. There is currently growing interest in studying the effect of inhibition of enzymes affecting other histone modifications, like histone methylation, and how they can affect cancer development and progression. A major limitation of epigenetic therapy is the lack of specificity with consequent global induction of epigenetic changes. Additionally, optimal dosing, single or combined therapy and the sequence of delivery of combined therapy are clinical issues associated with the use of these drugs. Herein, we will summarize the impact of using the different classes of epigenetic drugs in cancer and other chronic diseases.