Risk factor for intertrochanteric fracture and their functional outcome: A retrospective study

Abstract

Aim and objectives: To identify baseline factors relevant risk factors for intertrochanteric fractures and to assess the functional outcome in follow up. Method: A retrospective study was conducted among 95 patients admitted in our institution (a tertiary medical care) over a period of 1 year between 2019-2020. Various aspects have been compared. The predictors used were the calcaneal bone mineral density, age, gender and assessing functional outcome based on surgery type i.e. Dynamic hip screw, nailing, or replacement surgeries. In multivariate hazards models, several risk factors increased the risk of intertrochanteric fracture. Other factors also played a major role in occurrence of intertrochanteric fracture in various populations' Steroid use and impaired functional status and Poor health status being some of them. Data were analyzed with t-test, Pearson's correlations, and multivariate regression. Result: A total of 97 patients were selected of which 95 patients completed the study with an average follow up time of 6 months. 2 patients died in the course of follow up and the rest 68 were eligible for analysis with Harris his score (HHS) and Euro 5 dimension were taken at final follow up and came into the following conclusions. Conclusion: We could identify several baseline factors associated with intertrochanteric fractures in the given population which helped us in treatment and functional outcome, and also if extrapolated to the general population could help in avoiding the occurrence of intertrochanteric fractures in various strata of general population. Introduction Hip fractures especially intertrochanteric fractures because significant disability for many older adults, with some of the worst outcomes for those aged 65 years or older [1]. Having an intertrochanteric fracture in later life can lead to long recovery periods, a decreased quality of life, higher mortality rates and increased likelihood of entry into aged lifestyle compared to those without a hip fracture. There have been many studies conducted identifying intertrochanteric fracture risk in older adults. These include a different variety of cohorts including those recently admitted to hospital. Risk factors identified by Stolee et al. for a home care population were older age, females, osteoporosis, falls, substance use, malnutrition and cognitive impairment [7]. Other studies identifying intertrochanteric fracture risk for older people in found factors such as differing ethnic backgrounds, bone mineral density (BMD), previous hip fractures, reduced physical activity, chronic co-morbid conditions, and medications to be significant. High rate of intertrochanteric fracture amongst older people has two main reason: bone mass with decreased mineral density and increased risk of fall-related trauma. This study is meant to point out various avoidable and unavoidable risk factors related to intertrochanteric femur fractures and their functional outcome in the given population.