The IoT/IoE Integrated Security & Safety System of Pompeii Archeological Park

Abstract

Featured Application: The integrated technological model developed for the Pompeii Archeological Park serves as a pioneering application of IoT/IoE-based systems in the field of cultural heritage management. This approach demonstrates how a large-scale archeological site can be transformed into a smart, data-driven environment capable of ensuring security, safety, enhancing conservation, and improving visitor experience. The framework, which includes real-time monitoring, predictive maintenance, and intelligent risk management, can be adapted and replicated in other heritage contexts worldwide. It provides a scalable and modular reference architecture for the protection and sustainable operation of complex historical environments, especially those exposed to natural degradation and high tourist flows. Pompeii is widely known for its tragic past. In 79 A.D., a massive eruption of Mount Vesuvius buried the city and its inhabitants under volcanic ash. Lost for centuries, it was rediscovered in 1748 when the Bourbon monarchs initiated excavations, marking the beginning of systematic digs. Since then, Pompeii has gained worldwide recognition for its archeological wonders. Despite centuries of looting and damage, it remains a breathtaking site. With millions of visitors annually, the Pompeii Archeological Park is the one most visited site in Italy. Managing such a vast and complex heritage site requires significant effort to ensure both visitor safety and the preservation of its fragile structures. Accessibility is also crucial, particularly for individuals with disabilities and staff responsible for site management. To address these challenges, integrated systems and advanced technologies like the Internet of Things/Everything (IoT/IoE) can provide innovative solutions. These technologies connect people, smart devices (such as mobile terminals, sensors, and wearables), and data to optimize security, safety, and site management. This paper presents a security/safety IoT/IoE-based system for security, safety, management, and visitor services at the Pompeii Archeological Park.